Zero-valent iron (ZVI) for groundwater remediation

Zero-valent iron (also called elemental iron or zero-valent iron, ZVI) plays a key role in groundwater remediation, particularly in the in situ chemical reduction (ISCR) of chlorinated hydrocarbons (CVOC’s) and heavy metals. The iron acts as a reducing agent, converting harmful substances into less harmful or harmless compounds. Upon contact with contaminants, such as chlorinated solvents (e.g., PCE and TCE), zero-valent iron reacts by transferring electrons. This triggers a chemical reaction that breaks these substances down into less toxic and even completely biodegradable compounds, such as ethane or ethylene. Furthermore, ZVI can also reduce and immobilize certain metals, reducing their mobility and toxicity. This makes zero-valent iron an effective and sustainable means of remediating contaminated groundwater.